Stock Market Astrology

2012-01-22T01:31:00.001-08:00

2012-01-21T04:15:00.000-08:00

I just uploaded my video on Stock Market Astrology and here is the embed code and url

Url for Zodiac $tock Market Astrology

http://www.stockmarketastrology.com/videos/zsmax.swf

You can get the embed code from http://www.eastrovedica.com/html/astrovideos.htm

Shock Market ?

2011-12-29T21:32:00.000-08:00

Indians lave lost 20 lk crores this year at Dalal Street. Stock Market seems to be a Shock Market.

The Sensex is now 15.6 K and people have lost optimism. The market is sentimental and not fundamental !

Of course, fundamental analysis and technical analysis will work, but experts feel that BRIC countries will come down by 20% in economic performance.

The term BRIC was coined by Jim ONeill and he feels that BRICS may be affected by the global meltdown. 2012 has been projected as a black year, a year of economic recession !

Astrologically, Jupiter in the adverse 10th and Saturn in the adverse 4th is responsible for this calamity. Even though Jove will become positive by May 04 ( that is his entry into Taurus will be good for India ), Saturn is still there with Ardha Ashatama Sani or 1/4 of 8th Saturn ! Saturn can create impediments and India's overall growth will be affected !

85% increase in Ecom Investment !

2011-12-08T21:36:00.001-08:00

Can you believe it ? In 2011, over 364 ecom companies raised over $4.8 billion in venture capital funding. This is an over increase of 85%.

The potential of the ecom industry in India is huge and celebrities are going gung ho over it.

Criketer Zaheer Khan invested in Exclusively.in and Yuvraj Singh also. Exclusively.in had raised $18.8 million of late. Salman Khan, the Bollywood hero invested in watch showroom BeingHumanWatches.com. Actor Ajay Devgan and Sanjay Dutt invested in Ticketplease. Vatsal Shah in celebwears.com, an online portal selling celebrity clothes. Shilpa Shetty invested in GroupHomeBuyers.com, a home buying site.

Not only for monetary gains are the ecom sites eyeing, but also the fan following of their glamourous promoters. The celebrities are normally brand ambassadors, benefitting both the company and the celebrity.

Rightly so, as the Net population of 112 million is expected to become 600 million within five years, provided infrastructure is improved !

The 200,000 Crore Indian Retail Market

2011-12-01T21:18:00.000-08:00

The allowance of FDI in Retail has stunned the country. The Opposition parties are up in arms and the PM says there is rollback on FDI.

The estimated size of the Indian Retail Market is 200,000 Crore and it will expand to one trillion within a few years. Organised Retail is only 2%. It is 20% in China.

90% of the small retailers, do not pay tax to the GoI. They operate on a small margin fo 4-7% after all their expenses and the GoI is soft on them. For over decades, they have been serving the Indian consumer and the kirana stores number 12 million. Some of them provide credit facilities and door delivery. They have been the all time fourites for the FMCG companies to introduce and promote new products. But all this changed in 2000 CE, when Organised Retail was born in India. Organised Retail, was then considered to be more costly and innovative, even by the urban consumer. But then Organised Retail has come a long way since then and India is poised for the Retail Revolution.

Organised Retailers are not competing with the kirana stores and both coexist. They compete with other organised retailers. Advertisement spend has gone up and you can see ads of the organised retailers in all newspapers and electronic media. In fact, the kirana stores have not lost business. They have become better than before due to competition.

The logic that small kiranas will run out of business is a big myth. We have one billion people to feed, dress and house and there are plenty of opportunities at the bottom of the pyramid.

Capital infusion is the biggest benefit of the new policy. 50% of the 100 milliion cap should go to back end infra and this means an FDI of 2.5 billiom. Even though the Indian players, Tatas, Ambanis or Birlas have enough capital, what they lack is intellectual capital. We have to get the know how from the international partners the ways and methods to run that business more efficiently. They have been runnning their business for years and FDI comes often bundled with technical, managerial and labour force skills.

Astrologically, as India is receiving the adverse transit influences of Jupiter and Saturn, there will be chaos and the Opposition parties are just proving that. Till May, problems may persist due to the Jovian adverse stance.

Yesterday, the stock market went up, but then we cannot take anything for granted. The current political situation in India will affect the stock market. In October, the exports have only grown 10% to 19 billion. One hopes that the 300 billion export target will be achieved this year.

Benefits of FDI in retail

2011-12-01T00:22:00.000-08:00

The gain of consumers

Large superstores are inflation busters. In the WalMart Effect, the author Charles Fishman shows that big stores squeeze costs and pass on the gains to consumers, because of formidable competition. They had contributed to the sustained low inflation in the US. Similarly modern supermarkets can tame the inflation tiger in India. They can create jobs, prevent wastage and improve logistics. Which sane person will oppose them?

India's 28 b retail sector will grow by factor of nine within ten years. India's archaic retail sector cannot cope up with the rising demand. Inbuilt inefficiencies and wastage in distribution and storage account for 40%, which does not reach consumers. Fifty million children are malnourished. Foodgrains rot in obsolete warehouses or in transit. Wastage and loss will be avoided by companies who sole aim is profit !

A Bharti-WalMart store in India

Critics point out five major factors

India does not need foreign retails as domestic ones are doing the job well.
Independent stores will close, leading to unemployment.
Profits will go to foreign players.
The Govt has not built consensus.
Indian cities will look like their Western counterparts and morality may go down the drain.

On the positive side, Retail can boost the farm sector.

Quo Vadis India ?

2011-11-29T21:20:00.001-08:00

The Parliament and the whole nation is perplexed over FDI in Retail.

FDI has become more varied in recent years and cash inflows have shifted from natural resources, infra and export driven manufacturing to different areas like Tourism, Retaill, construction and off shore services.

FDI to twenty developing economies amounted to USD 45 billion in the retail sector. Significant FDI was received by Brazil, Poland and Thailand in the Retail sector.

In this field, India has been slower. Organised retailing has grown from 10 to 40 percent in Brazil and 20% in China, while in India it is only 2%, in the last decade.

For the global retail chains, India with its huge market amounting to one trillion dollars in retail, is an important destination. The Indian retail landscape is changing, with the rise of the middle class ( 500 million ). The upper and the lower middle class now prefer to buy branded goods from standard showrooms and there are going to 1,50,000 such super market stores in India within 15 years ! The smaller cities are emulating the metros and Retailing has been hailed as one of the surise industries !

"India is the second most attractive retail designation globally, among thirty emergent markets" says A. T. Kearney, awell knownInternational Management Consultant

Unorganised retailing constitute 98% of all retailing trade. Now big domestic players like Reliance have entered the field and is expanding in a big way.

WalMart is partnering Bharti and Carrefour is going to partner Landmark.

Why are the global retailers interested in India ?

Strategic Location and Geography

Enjoying unique geographical advantage, India is strategically located in Asia will links to all markets. Lord Curzon said " Whoever masters India will become the master of Asia and of the whole world". Lord Curzon celebrated India's importance in the Empire and called her the Jewel in the Crown. Total Area 3287 K sq km and 7000 km of Coastline.

Versatile Demographics

With a population of more than 1.2 billion and diverse cultures, India is a land of all seasons. A versatile population of rural and urbal markets. 700 million rural and 500 million urban. The foreign retailers want a slice of the big pie !

Vast growing economy

With a GDP growth hovering around 8-9%, India is rising along with China. Forex reserves more than 300 billion. With a rapidly growing infrastructure, India has all the ingredients of a rising economic super power and is tipped to be the third largest economy by 2050 by GS. ( PWC Report says by 2012, India will surpass Japan and become the third by GDP PPP ).

To become the third largest economy

India will become the third largest economy by 2050, according to Goldman Sachs. Here are the projected GDP figures.

Forecast of GDP ($ Trillion)

Country 2010 2050

China 3.0 44.5
U.S.A 13.3 35.2
India 0.9 27.8
Japan 4. 6 6.7
Brazil .7 6.1
Russia 0.8 5.9
U.K. 1.9 3.8
Germany 2.2 3.6
Italy 1.3 2.1

Astrologically the present turbulent phase caused by adverse Jupiter and Saturn will pave the way for a brighter 2012, after May, when Jupiter moves over to Taurus. In the 11th Jupiter will be benign and the effects of globalisation will be felt in a positive way. India is sure to overtake Japan as the third economic power by 2012 !

Hurdles for foreign retailers in India !

2011-11-27T19:40:00.000-08:00

Because of the uncertainty of the FDI in multi brand retail, retail stocks are down 10%. Pantaloon is 196, Shoppers Shop, Trent all are down.

Retailers like WalMart, Carrie Four and Tesco will have to contend with India's poor warehouse space, unreliable transport links and chronic lack of cold chain storage.

This is where local knowledge comes in. Local players with established supply chains can get lucrative deals, as the race for one of the largest untapped retail markets is on. It can mean a windfall for players like Pantaloon, Shopper's Stop, the Tata Group and Trent, industry analysts say.

Countering the argument that the move will phase out small shopkeepers, the Government has stipulated that the foreign players must source 30% from SMEs, invest a minimum of 100 million and spend half of that on back end infrastructure.

WalMart and Co may love to sell to the 1.2 billion Indians, but they will have to tackle India's logistical headaches and will have to rely on local expertise.

"If some of them want to throw dollars, burn some cash to build it, they can," said Future Supply Chain's Singh."We are ready made for them. They can use us."

As bandhs and hartals, initiated by the Communists and the saffronites go on in India against the entry of foreign retailers, India is poised for Retail Revolution.

Despite the immense problems faced by the foreign retailers, India's one trillion dollar market is going to change. The retail landscape will change and let us hope that Retail will do to India what electronics did for Japan !

Shoddy roads, minimal cold storage capacity and a myriad of state regulations and taxes will plague WalMart, Tesco, Metro and others. The initial stages will be difficult.

Traditional supply networks use hand pulled wooden carts more than refrigerated freight wagons. Hence 30 percent of India's 200 million tonnes vast fruit and vegetable production goes waste.

"India cannot be seen as easy," Viney Singh, MD of Max Hypermarkets."There are some players that have been in the retail business for more than 10 years, and till date there is no hypermarket player that has made any money."

"Global retailers have expertise from around the world, but in India they will have to develop it," said Future's Singh. "They will all have to go through the learning curve on their own."

The Communists and the saffronites are against this entry of foreign players. They are calling for boycott. Tomorrow is a bandh day, a day of rest, called by the Opposition parties. In Kerala, even some Congress Ministers are against the move. The whole country seems to be in turmoil. We do not think the problem will be solved by a single day's bandh. All work will come to a standstill tomorrow. There may be furthur bandhs. The Kerala Merchants Association has called for a virtual boycott. So also CPI, CPM and BJP. Their argument is socialistic, that the move will hurt the small players. The demerits of the move are highlighted.

The top 30 Retail giants ( turnover in billions of dollars USD )

WalMart 256 billion USD
CarreFour 79
Ahold 63
Metro 60
Kroger 53
Tesco 50
Target 48
Rewe 44
Aldi 41
ITM 37
Safeway 35
Schwarz 33
Walagreens 32
Auchan 32
Aeon 30
Ito Yokado 30
Edeka 29
Sainsbury 27
Tengelmann 27
LeClerk 27
CVS 26
Casino 25
Kmart 23
Delhaize 21
Loblaw 18
JC Penney 17
Coles Myer 17
Daiei 17

Astrologically, India is going through a tough phase, with Saturn in the adverse 4th and Jupiter in the unfavourable 10th. Exports have slumped to 19 billion last month. IIP is down. The Sensex is down.Food inflation is hovering at 10%. The Rupee hit 52 mark against the dollar. So for some more months ( till Jupiter leaves Aries ), the Indian atmosphere will be turbulent.

The Alpha Numeric System of Mathematica Indica

2011-11-03T20:46:00.001-07:00

Known as Paral Sankhya, the Alpha Numeric System was developed by Vararuchi. It is also known as Katapayadi, as 1 represents the letters Ka, Ta, Pa and Ya, whose corresponding digit is 1.

Number Letters

1 ka ta pa ya
2 kha tta pha ra
3 hu da bha la
4 gha da ba va
5 nga na ma sha
6 cha tha sha
7 chha dha sa
8 ja dha ha
9 jha ddha
0 nja na ksha

The Value of Kaa ki ku ke and ko was 1

31 was represented by Kala

Kala is ka + la = 31 ( The digits are counted from the right )

and 351 by Kamala
Kamala = ka + ma + la = 351

Elemental Numbers in Mathematica Indica

2011-11-01T20:59:00.001-07:00

Sanskrit poets used Elemental Numbers in their poems. As eyes are 2, two represents eyes. As the Vedas are four, four represents the Vedas. Netra Netra ( eyes , eyes ) means 22 and Veda Veda means 44.

Here we give the correspondence between numbers and the Elements

1 - Earth, Moon
2. Eyes, hands, feet, ears
3. Worlds, trinitarian unity, three yogas, three vedas.
4. Vedas
5. Sense organs.
6 Rithus or the six seasons.
7. Rishies
8 Directions, eightfold prosperity
9 Digits, numbers
0 Ether

10 - Ego and its ten heads.
11 - Rudras
12 Months, Zodiacal Signs
13 Universe
14 Vidyas, Manus
15 Lunations, thidhis
16 King
17 Athushti
18 Treatises astronomical, mythological
19 Athi Dhruthi
20 Nails
21 Uthkruthi
22 Akrithi
23 Vikruthi
24 Gayathri
25 Principles
27 Constellations
33 Deities

The digits for the letters are written, counting from right to left

For example,

Bhanagnagni

Bham = Stars = 27
Nandan = 9
Agni = 3

Bhanagnagni = 3927

Of Scholarship

2011-10-30T03:00:00.000-07:00

Scholarship is great and is like an expanding flower

Pandityam nava pallavam vikasitham pushpam prayogajnatha

In order to have scholarism graced, one should strive hard to gain it. It is said that the hard work done by the scholar is known only to the scholar ! How can others know it ?

The scholar and the world, the endless strife
The discord in the harmonies of Life
The love of Learning, the sequestered nooks
And the sweet serenity of Books
The marketplace, eager love for gain
Whose aim is vanity, whose end is pain !

Vidwaneva Vijanathi
Vidwajjana parishramam
Na hi vandhya vijanathi
Gurveem prasava vedanam !

How can others know the work hard
Which the scholars have indulged in ?
Like a barren woman who cannot know
The pain of delivering !

Big names for Indian numbers

2011-10-28T20:47:00.002-07:00

There are greater numbers, than the ones mentioned below.

Maha Padma = 10^15
Kshoni = 10^16
Parardha = 10^17
Sankha = 10^18
Maha Sankha = 10^19
Kshithi = 10^20
Maha Kshiti = 10^21
Kshobha = 10^22
Maha Kshobha = 10^23

Neethi Lamba = 10^27
Sarva Bala = 10^45
Thallakshana = 10^83

Big names for Indian numbers

2011-10-28T20:47:00.001-07:00

Indian names for big numbers

2011-10-27T20:52:00.000-07:00

Ganitha Kerala, the Kerala School of Astronomy and Maths, has given a lot of names for big numbers.

Like the Western

Myriad = 10^4
Million = 10^6

Indian names are

Shata = 10^2
Sahasra = 10^3
Ayutha = 10^4
Laksha = 10^5
Dasa Laksha = 10^6 ( Million )
Koti = 10^7
Dasa Koti = 10^8
Vrinda = 10^9
Kharva = 10^10
Nikharva = 10^11
Mahapadma = 10^12
Mahakharva = 10^13
Padma = 10^14

In the Western, we have

Million = 1000^2
Billion = 1000^3
Trillion = 1000^4

or

Nillion = 1000^(n+1)

where n is the number. Tri meaning 3 and trillion = 1000^(3+1)!

Of Mathematica Vedica

2011-10-17T23:13:00.000-07:00

By one more than the one before

Ekadhikena Purvecha is Sanskrit for " One more than the previous one". This
sutra can be used for multiplying or dividing algorithms.

You can use this formula to compute the squares of numbers.

For example.

35×35 = ((3×3)+3),25 = 12,25 and 125×125 = ((12×12)+12),25 = 156,25

By the sūtra, multiply "by one more than the previous one."

35×35 = ((3×4),25 = 12,25 and 125×125 = ((12×13),25 = 156,25

Commodities Astrology !

2011-10-12T20:27:00.000-07:00

Commodities Astrology ? Gold has risen to $1600, after touching $1921.

We are in the midst of a commodity bull market cycle, which started in
2000. We have been advocating buying gold, from $900 onwards. Silver
has gone upto $32 and lead and others are following suit. Increased
demand from China and India and the bearish nature of the stock market,
global cues all lead to this commodity bull market cycle.

Gold price is inversely proportional to the Dollex, the USDX. Jupiter rules gold. More info at Zodiac Astrology and Stock Market Astrology

It was observed that a Bull Market Cycle lasts for 18 years. In 1982, we had the stock market boom and the bust of 2000. Not only the stock market, but the dot com market also went bust. This started the commodities bull market cycle and experts say it will last till 2016/18. So the stock market is on a decline, along with Realty and dot com. On the contrary, commodities have gone up.

There are many reasons cited for the commodities boom. A falling US Dollar, the China Effect ( more than 700 million Chinese will be added to the consumer class by 2020), the India Effect ( more than 300 million Indians will be added to the consumer culture), tight supplies, demand more than supply and the interest rate cuts by the Fed.

Astrologically Jupiter in Aries, about to enter Taurus in May 2012, is responsible for the commodities boom. He rules Gold and other precious metals. ( Gurum Kanchana Sannibham ).

These are the Correspondence between Planets and Metals

Sun - Copper and gold.
Moon -Silver.
Mars - Copper.
Mercury - Brass.
Jupiter - Gold.
Venus - Silver & Aluminium.
Saturn - Iron, Minerals & Crude.

It has been observed that when the Stock Market is in Recession, commodities go up and vice verse. Hence these years will seem a boom in commodities.

Some of the reasons cited for the commodities boom

The Fed will lower interest rates
Supplies of oil, grains and metals are very low and the possibility of producing more in the next few years is low
The Dollex, the USDX, may decline furthur
As the standard of living rises in Chindia ( China and India ), more consumption will be the order of the day, leading to heavy demand.

Gold Astrology

2011-10-05T01:08:00.001-07:00

Gold is one of the best precious metals and we have been advocating buying gold at declines. We had started saying BUY Gold, when the price was $900 onwards. Now Gold is at $1628 for an ounce and still going strong.

The Oil Ministers decided in 2009 to trade oil in gold, yuan, yen and euro, as the Dollar was showing signs of weakness. This is one of the reasons why Gold is going up.

We have reports that billionaires like Soros and Bufett etc are taking up great positions in gold and buying mining companies.

It was observed that the Gold Price is inversely proportional to the Dollex, the USDX. Yesterday USDX went up by one point and gold declined from 1674 to 1645. Now it is at 1628 per ounce.

Jupiter represents Gold in Astrology. Now Jupiter in Aries is responsible for the secondary reaction happening in Gold. From a high of 1900 dollars, it is now at 1628.
You can draw your own conclusions !

Sensex drift lower, as Jove takes a negative stance

2011-10-03T21:09:00.000-07:00

We had warned in our columns that the markets are headed southwards.

The Sensex is now at 16084. What a drastic fall. On global cues, it fell 300 odd points yesterday. The Return of the Bear ?

Weak sentiments prevailed on Dalal Steet. It is not surprising to the men that see, as the planet of Finance, Jupiter, transits the adverse 10th for India.

L & T fell heavily to 1312 and Siemens to 829.

It is better to hold on for the time being. Provisionally down at 1.73% on Greek default fears , the Sensex may take time to recover. The market is falling for the second, straight day. All the 13 sectoral indices on the BSE is in the red and index heavyweight, Reliance, is edging lower.

After good auto sales in September, auto shares were mixed. Metal shares fell across the board, as global commodity prices fell on global economic worries. JSW Steel fell, as reports of a CBI raid was rumoured.

Deficit in August was 14 billion, as 28 billion exports were achieved against a 38 billion import.

Blood bath on Dalal Street

2011-09-22T20:25:00.001-07:00

We have said in our sites and columns that Jove in the 10th is detrimental to the Indian economy. It was proved right as the stock market plunged 704 points.

It was virtually blood bath on Dalal Street. The Dow fell and so did all indices.

Even though India may become the third largest economy by 2012 ( by GDP PPP ), now for seven months ( during Jupiter's transit of Aries ), she is in for a turbulent phase.
It is better to hold on. only at the bottom should one invest.

Speculation is taboo as anything can happen. Gold is also falling, may be temporarily. So is crude.

The problem can be compounded when Saturn leaves Virgo on Nov 15th. Only in May, when Jupiter moves over to Taurus, in India's 11th can we hope to see a bullish curve !

A 4.2 percent drop was the least desirable. The Federal Reserve warned of significant risks to global economic growth. All other Asian markets fell with key indices in various countries losing between 2-5 percent. Selling pressure was seen all over the bourses, as all the broader markets and sectoral indices closed deep in the red. Realty, metals, oil, gas and banking indices of the BSE closed 4-6 percent down. Nothing to panic, say the technical analysts !

India will overtake Japan by 2012

2011-09-20T20:31:00.000-07:00

India may overtake Japan by 2012 and become the third largest economy by 2012. According to Pricewatherhouse Coopers, India's GDP PPP will overtake Japan by 2012. Such a forecast seems to be probable, as Jupiter will be in the House of Gains for India next year. Jove in the 11th will bring handsome gains.

China will become the world's largest economy by 2020. Within one year, Indian GDP PPP will become $4.32 trillion, overtaking Japan's economy, estimated at $1000^4 ( 4.32 tr to be exact ).

“While the exact date is open to doubt, it seems highly likely that, by 2030, China will clearly be the largest economy in the world on PPP,” John Hawksworth, head of macroeconomics at PwC, wrote in the report.

The Decoupling theory, that India and China will not be affected by the global meltdown, still holds true. China will overtake Japan as the second largest economy this year, as Japan is facing a severe crisis !.

Yesterday the Sensex grew by 353 points and closed about 17 K. Despite the secondary reactions, the Stock Market seems to be on a growth track.

Of Intercalary months, Adhi Masas

2011-09-01T21:23:00.001-07:00

The solar month is 30.438030202068 days

A lunar month = 29.5305881 days

It need not be added that a lunation or synodic month means the interval between two consecutive full moons or new moons. Conjunction ( New Moon ) is 0 degrees and Opposition ( Full Moon ) is 180 degrees

Hence a solar year does not have a whole number of lunar months ( about 12.37 lunations ) So a thirteenth embolismic or intercalary month is inserted.

It was observed that 19 solar years or 19*12 = 228 solar months = 235 lunations and hence 7 Adhi Masas were found in every 19 years. An intercalary or 13th month had to be inserted in a 19 year cycle and 19/7 was the ratio. .

They are called Adhi Masas in Indian Astronomy and they were computed using the Theory of continued fractions. The Theory of contiued Fractions is attributed to Euler. This 19 year old cycle is called the Metonic Cycle, named after the Greek astronomer, Meton.

But then the Indian mathematicians correctly computed the Adhi Masas, centuries before Meton or Euler ! The Indian National Calender is lunisolar, whose dates both indicate the solar year and the moon phases and the next date when the New Moon or Full Moon will occur. The length of the synodic month is given as 29.5305879 days in the Surya Siddhanta, which is correct to six decimals. Surya Siddhanta stated that there are 15933396 Adhi Masas in 51840000 solar months !

Of Vedic Maths

2011-08-30T20:52:00.001-07:00

Consisting of 16 basic aphorisms or Sutras, Vedic Mathematics is a system of Maths which prevailed in ancient India. Composed by Bharati Krishna Thirtha, these 16 sutras help one to do faster maths.

The first aphorism is this

"Whatever the extent of its deficiency, lessen it still further to that very extent; and also set up the square (of that deficiency)"

When computing the square of 9, as the nearest power of 10 is 9, let us take 10 as our base. As 9 is 1 less than 10, we can decrease it by the deficiency = 9-1 =8. This is the leftmost digit
On the right hand put deficiency^2, which is 1^2.

Hence the square of nine is 81.

For numbers above 10, instead of looking at the deficit we look at the surplus.

For example:

11^2 = (11+1)*10+1^2 = 121

12^2 = (12+2)*10+2^2 = 144

14^2 = ( 14+4)*10+4^2 = 196

25^2 = ((25+5)*2)*10+5^2 = 625

35^2= ((35+5)*3)*10+5^2 = 1225

Maths & Philosophy

2011-08-27T21:33:00.000-07:00

In India, mathematics is related to Philosophy. We can find mathematical
concepts like Zero ( Shoonyavada ), One ( Advaitavada ) and Infinity
(Poornavada ) in Philosophia Indica.

The Sine Tables of Aryabhata and Madhava, which gives correct sine values or values of
24 R Sines, at intervals of 3 degrees 45 minutes and the trignometric tables of
Brahmagupta, which gives correct sine and tan values for every 5 degrees influenced
Christopher Clavius, who headed the Gregorian Calender Reforms of 1582. These
correct trignometric tables solved the problem of the three Ls, ( Longitude, Latitude and
Loxodromes ) for the Europeans, who were looking for solutions to their navigational
problem ! It is said that Matteo Ricci was sent to India for this purpose and the
Europeans triumphed with Indian knowledge !

The Western mathematicians have indeed lauded Indian Maths & Astronomy. Here are
some quotations from maths geniuses about the long forgotten Indian Maths !

In his famous dissertation titled "Remarks on the astronomy of Indians" in 1790,
the famous Scottish mathematician, John Playfair said

"The Constructions and these tables imply a great knowledge of
geometry,arithmetic and even of the theoretical part of astronomy.But what,
without doubt is to be accounted,the greatest refinement in this system, is
the hypothesis employed in calculating the equation of the centre for the
Sun,Moon and the planets that of a circular orbit having a double
eccentricity or having its centre in the middle between the earth and the
point about which the angular motion is uniform.If to this we add the great
extent of the geometrical knowledge required to combine this and the other
principles of their astronomy together and to deduce from them the just
conclusion;the possession of a calculus equivalent to trigonometry and
lastly their approximation to the quadrature of the circle, we shall be
astonished at the magnitude of that body of science which must have
enlightened the inhabitants of India in some remote age and which whatever
it may have communicated to the Western nations appears to have received
another from them...."

Albert Einstein commented "We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count,
without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made."

The great Laplace, who wrote the glorious Mechanique Celeste, remarked

"The ingenious method of expressing every possible number
using a set of ten symbols (each symbol having a place value and an absolute
value) emerged in India. The idea seems so simple nowadays that its
significance and profound importance is no longer appreciated. Its
simplicity lies in the way it facilitated calculation and placed arithmetic
foremost amongst useful inventions. The importance of this invention is more
readily appreciated when one considers that it was beyond the two greatest
men of antiquity, Archimedes and Apollonius."

The Infinite Pi series of Madhava

2011-08-26T19:57:00.003-07:00

By means of the same argument, the circumference can be computed in another way too. That is as (follows): The first result should by the square root of the square of the diameter multiplied by twelve. From then on, the result should be divided by three (in) each successive (case). When these are divided in order by the odd numbers, beginning with 1, and when one has subtracted the (even) results from the sum of the odd, (that) should be the circumference. ( Yukti deepika commentary )

This quoted text specifies another formula for the computation of the circumference c of a circle having diameter d. This is as follows.

c = SQRT(12 d^2 - SQRT(12 d^2/3.3 + sqrt(12 d^2)/3^2.5 - sqrt(12d^2)/3^3.7 +.......

As c = Pi d , this equation can be rewritten as

Pi = Sqrt(12( 1 - 1/3.3 + 1/3^2.5 -1/3^3.7 +......

This is obtained by substituting z = Pi/ 6 in the power series expansion for arctan (z).

Pi/4 = 1 - 1/3 +1/5 -1/7+.....

This is Madhava's formula for Pi, and this was discovered in the West by Gregory and Liebniz.

The Infinite Pi series of Madhava

2011-08-26T19:57:00.001-07:00